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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:

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Colorless glasses containing ion-exchanged silver.

R Araujo

    Applied Optics
    |August 25, 2010
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Adding silver to silicate glass causes reduction and coloration. High-field-strength ions limit nonbridging oxygens, thus reducing silver reduction and color intensity in glass.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Glass Chemistry
    • Solid State Chemistry

    Background:

    • Silver incorporation into silicate glasses typically induces reduction and coloration.
    • The reduction process involves electron transfer from nonbridging oxygen atoms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of high-field-strength ions on silver reduction and coloration in silicate glasses.
    • To understand the mechanism limiting silver reduction.

    Main Methods:

    • Synthesis of silicate glasses with varying compositions.
    • Introduction of silver ions into the glass matrix.
    • Spectroscopic analysis to determine silver speciation and coloration.

    Main Results:

    • High-field-strength ions were found to limit the availability of nonbridging oxygen atoms.
    • This limitation directly correlated with a reduction in the extent of silver reduction.
    • Consequently, the coloration intensity of the silver-containing glasses was diminished.

    Conclusions:

    • The number of nonbridging oxygens is a critical factor controlling silver reduction and coloration in silicate glasses.
    • Employing high-field-strength ions offers a method to control these properties by limiting nonbridging oxygens.