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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps
11:45

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

Published on: August 17, 2017

Light-trap design using multiple reflections and solid-angle attenuation: application to a spaceborne electron

F A Herrero

    Applied Optics
    |August 25, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new light trap for spaceborne electron spectrometers achieves a photon-rejection ratio of 2 x 10(-11). This advanced design effectively minimizes photon interference, ensuring instrument sensitivity in Earth orbit.

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    Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
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    Published on: December 27, 2012

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    Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps
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    Published on: August 17, 2017

    Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
    13:44

    Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

    Published on: December 27, 2012

    Area of Science:

    • Spaceborne instrumentation
    • Optical engineering
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Spaceborne electron spectrometers require effective shielding against ambient ultraviolet radiation.
    • Photon interference can compromise instrument sensitivity and data accuracy in orbit.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and evaluate a novel light trap for spaceborne electron spectrometers.
    • To achieve a high photon-rejection ratio for enhanced instrument performance.

    Main Methods:

    • The light trap utilizes triple reflections to redirect incident photons.
    • Analysis of photon paths, considering electron-optic requirements and electrode edge reflections.
    • Measurements were taken at varying diffuse reflectance values (r).

    Main Results:

    • The light trap demonstrated a measured photon-rejection ratio of 2 x 10(-11).
    • Triple reflections are the dominant factor in photon rejection when diffuse reflectance (r) exceeds 0.08.
    • The average reflectance of internal surfaces must be below 0.006 for optimal performance.

    Conclusions:

    • The new light trap design significantly exceeds the photon-rejection requirements for spaceborne electron spectrometers.
    • The study quantifies the contributions of second-order (electrode edge) and third-order (triple reflection) photon paths.
    • Effective photon rejection is achievable with careful surface coating and geometry optimization.