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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...
Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

Modes of Standing Waves - I

A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This phenomenon...
Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end.

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20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier
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Second-harmonic generation in channel glass waveguides.

S I Bozhevolnyi, K Pedersen

    Applied Optics
    |August 25, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Second-harmonic generation efficiency in Ag(+)-Na(+) exchanged channel glass waveguides was measured. The efficiency, around 10(-15)s with 6 kW pump power, is explained by nonlinear polarization gradient terms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear optics
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a key process in nonlinear optics.
    • Glass waveguides offer potential for integrated photonic devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To measure the SHG efficiency in Ag(+)-Na(+) exchanged channel glass waveguides.
    • To investigate the influence of polarization on SHG efficiency.
    • To theoretically explain the observed efficiency values.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental measurement of SHG efficiency for a 1.06 micrometer pump wave.
    • Investigation of different polarization combinations for fundamental and second-harmonic waves.
    • Theoretical calculations of nonlinear polarization, including gradient terms.

    Main Results:

    • Measured SHG efficiency of the order of 10(-15)s for a 6 kW pump power.
    • Observed dependence of efficiency on polarization states.
    • Calculated efficiency values consistent with experimental data.

    Conclusions:

    • Ag(+)-Na(+) exchanged channel glass waveguides exhibit measurable SHG efficiency.
    • Gradient terms in nonlinear polarization are crucial for explaining the observed SHG efficiency.
    • These findings contribute to the development of nonlinear optical devices based on glass waveguides.