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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...

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High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology
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High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology

Published on: January 21, 2015

Multichannel Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer.

M Hashimoto, S Kawata

    Applied Optics
    |August 25, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A novel compact Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer eliminates moving parts using a birefringent shearing interferometer and an IR array detector. This innovation enables portable infrared spectroscopy with potential for enhanced resolution.

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    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopy
    • Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Traditional Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers often rely on mechanical scanning mechanisms, limiting their compactness and robustness.
    • The development of compact, solid-state spectrometers is crucial for portable and field-based spectroscopic analysis.
    • Interferometric techniques are fundamental to FTIR spectroscopy, enabling the measurement of complex spectra.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a compact FTIR spectrometer that operates without any moving mechanical components.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of a solid-state shearing interferometer design for infrared spectroscopy.
    • To characterize the performance and spectral resolution of the developed compact FTIR system.

    Main Methods:

    • A birefringent shearing interferometer utilizing a Savart plate was designed to generate a spatially distributed interferogram.
    • A 4096-element Platinum-Silicide (PtSi) Schottky-barrier infrared array detector was employed to capture the interferogram.
    • The optical configuration and system assembly were meticulously detailed, followed by experimental validation.

    Main Results:

    • A compact FTIR spectrometer module with dimensions of 20 x 6 cm was successfully realized.
    • The system achieved a spectral resolution of approximately 27.6 cm⁻¹ in the 5000–2000 cm⁻¹ range.
    • Infrared absorption spectra of polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films were accurately measured, validating the system's performance.

    Conclusions:

    • A compact, solid-state FTIR spectrometer without moving parts has been successfully developed.
    • The system demonstrates the potential of birefringent interferometry combined with IR array detectors for miniaturized spectroscopic instrumentation.
    • Further improvements in spectral resolution are possible through advanced optical and detection methods.