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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that stretch at a...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
IR Absorption Frequency: Delocalization01:04

IR Absorption Frequency: Delocalization

Electron delocalization refers to the distribution of electrons across multiple atoms within a molecule rather than being confined to a single atom or bond. This phenomenon is common in systems with conjugated bonds—structures where alternating single and double bonds allow π-electrons to move freely across the network. The movement of electrons stabilizes the molecule and can affect various chemical properties, including vibrational frequencies observed in IR spectroscopy.
In IR spectroscopy,...

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Shift in infrared interference filters at cryogenic temperature.

W Feng, Y Yan

    Applied Optics
    |August 25, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Temperature changes significantly impact infrared interference filters using lead telluride. Shifts in wavelength and transmission are primarily due to lead telluride

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Infrared (IR) interference filters are crucial optical components.
    • Lead telluride (PbTe) is utilized as a high-index material in these filters.
    • Understanding temperature dependence is vital for filter stability and performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the temperature dependence of IR interference filters incorporating lead telluride.
    • To determine the primary factors influencing spectral shifts with temperature variations.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of IR interference filters with lead telluride as the high-index layer.
    • Measurement of filter performance (wavelength and transmission) across a range of temperatures.
    • Analysis of experimental data to correlate spectral shifts with material properties.

    Main Results:

    • Observed significant shifts in filter wavelength and transmission with changing temperatures.
    • Demonstrated that the absorption edge of lead telluride dominates wavelength shifts.
    • Showed that the refractive index of lead telluride governs transmission shifts, contingent on filter spectrum location.

    Conclusions:

    • The temperature-dependent behavior of PbTe-based IR filters is complex.
    • Both absorption edge and refractive index of PbTe play critical roles in spectral shifts.
    • Filter design must account for these temperature effects for reliable operation.