[Nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria: isolation rates and antibiotic sensitivity]

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Antimicrobial Resistance

Context:

• Analysis of inpatient data from 2005-2009 at the B. V. Petrovsky Russian Surgery Research Center.
• Trends in isolation rates and antibiotic resistance of nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) were examined.
• Etiological structure of nosocomial infections shifted towards gram-positive cocci and fungi, with reduced Enterobacteriaceae and NFGNB.

Purpose:

• To analyze the isolation rates of NFGNB in hospitalized patients.
• To trace antibiotic resistance trends in nosocomial NFGNB strains.
• To evaluate the activity of Polymyxin B and carbapenems against NFGNB.

Summary:

• P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. remain significant NFGNB pathogens, though their isolation rates decreased.
• Urinary tract, respiratory tract, and surgical site infections were commonly associated with NFGNB.
• A clear declining trend in carbapenem-sensitive NFGNB strains was observed, with Polymyxin B showing high activity.

Impact:

• Highlights the evolving landscape of hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial resistance.
• Informs clinical decision-making regarding antibiotic selection for NFGNB infections.
• Underscores the urgent need for strategies to combat rising antimicrobial resistance in NFGNB.