Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
07:20

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 9, 2024

The science of intervention development for type 1 diabetes in childhood: systematic review

Eileen Savage1, Dawn Farrell, Vicki McManus

  • 1Catherine McAuley School of Nursing, Brookfield Health Science Complex, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. e.savage@ucc.ie

Journal of Advanced Nursing
|August 26, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Developing interventions scientifically improves health outcomes for children with type 1 diabetes. This review highlights the need for rigorous intervention development in pediatric type 1 diabetes research.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Intervention science
  • Health services research

Background:

  • Limited evidence exists for effective type 1 diabetes interventions in clinical practice.
  • Previous research prioritized randomized controlled trials over intervention development science.
  • Scientific development of interventions for type 1 diabetes in children has been under-examined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the science of intervention development for type 1 diabetes in childhood.
  • To assess implications for improving health outcomes in pediatric populations and their families.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials published between 2004-2008.
  • Searches conducted in Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Psychinfo, and ERIC.
  • Inclusion criteria: interventions for type 1 diabetes, pediatric samples, randomized controlled trials, English language.

Main Results:

  • Fourteen randomized controlled trials were reviewed, focusing on education (7), psychosocial (5), and family therapy (2) interventions.
  • Family therapy and psychosocial interventions showed greater scientific rigor in development compared to education-based interventions.
  • Psychosocial and family therapy interventions demonstrated promising effects on multiple health outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Interventions developed using clear scientific criteria hold potential for enhancing health outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
  • Future reviews should incorporate criteria for evaluating the scientific development of interventions for type 1 diabetes in childhood.
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.