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Neuro-ophthalmic sarcoidosis
Yanny L Phillips1, Eric R Eggenberger
1Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|August 26, 2010
Summary
Sarcoidosis is a challenging disease affecting the nervous system and eyes. Advances in biomarkers and treatments offer new hope for managing neuro-ophthalmic sarcoidosis.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Neurology
- Immunology
Background:
- Sarcoidosis is an enigmatic disease with unclear etiology and diagnosis.
- Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations are a significant challenge in sarcoidosis management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current literature on neuro-ophthalmic sarcoidosis.
- To discuss epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent investigations.
- Analysis of diagnostic advances and therapeutic strategies.
Main Results:
- Genetic factors and candidate antigenic triggers are implicated in sarcoidosis.
- New biomarkers and positron emission tomography (PET) aid diagnosis.
- Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors show promise for refractory cases.
Conclusions:
- Sarcoidosis commonly affects the visual system, with optic neuropathy being the most frequent presentation.
- Diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific symptoms.
- Corticosteroids remain primary therapy, but new agents, including TNF-α inhibitors, expand treatment options.
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