Tension headache and bruxism in the sleep disordered patient

An association exists between bruxism, tension headache, and sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea, in the craniomandibular dysfunction patient. Understanding the relationship of these three entities provides the clinician with valuable information that enhances one's ability to make a differential diagnosis. A review of sleep disorders is presented so that a clearer understanding of them can be gained, with emphasis on obstructive sleep apnea. Current theories regarding bruxism, morning headache, and sleep disorders relate closely to altered muscle activity, altered breathing and fluctuation in oxygen saturation levels, which in turn can contribute to a patient's complaints of various types of facial pain.