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Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

[Expensive drugs and intergenerational justice].

¹Programme complémentaire en Analyse et evaluation des interventions en santé, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC. david.hughes@umontreal.ca

Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique

|August 27, 2010

Summary

Rising drug costs in Canada threaten public drug plans. Transparent, ethical rationing based on evidence and public input is proposed for sustainable healthcare access.

Area of Science:

Health Economics
Pharmaceutical Policy
Public Health Ethics

Context:

Prescription drug expenditure is the fastest-growing health cost category in Canada.
The increasing cost and volume of drug use, alongside the introduction of expensive new medications, are primary drivers of this trend.
The sustainability of public drug insurance plans, such as the Québec Prescription Drug Insurance Plan, is threatened by escalating drug costs.

Purpose:

To propose a framework for the political legitimacy of rationing expensive drugs within public healthcare systems.
To advocate for a transparent justification process for drug coverage decisions.
To explore the integration of evidence-based criteria with ethical principles and values in pharmaceutical policy.

Summary:

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Drug spending is rapidly increasing due to usage volume and costly new drugs, jeopardizing public plans like Québec's.

The Conseil du médicament recommends drugs for public coverage, facing stakeholder pressures.

Rationing expensive drugs can gain legitimacy through transparent, evidence-based, ethical, and value-driven justifications, considering intergenerational equity.

Impact:

Provides a model for legitimate and ethical drug rationing in response to rising pharmaceutical costs.
Highlights the importance of balancing current healthcare needs with future sustainability.
Advocates for public consultation to define 'reasonable access' to medications, fostering fairness and equity.