Program of early development in the mammal: synthesis and intracellular migration of histone H4 during oogenesis in...

Synthesis of histone H4 by mouse oocytes and unfertilized eggs has been examined by using a modified high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis procedure capable of resolving basic proteins (M. J. LaMarca and P. M. Wassarman, 1979, Develop. Biol. 73, 103-119). Histones were separated on such gels and observed rates of incorporation of [35S]methionine into histone H4 were converted into absolute rates of synthesis by using previously determined values for the absolute rates of total protein synthesis in mouse oocytes and unfertilized eggs (R. M. Schultz, G. E. Letourneau, and P. M. Wassarman, 1979, Develop. Biol. 68, 341-359; 73, 120-133). Histone H4 was synthesized at all stages of oogenesis examined, and accounted for 0.07, 0.05, and 0.04% of total protein synthesis in growing oocytes, fully grown oocytes, and unfertilized eggs, respectively. During oocyte maturation the absolute rate of histone H4 synthesis decreased by about 40%, as compared to a 23% decrease in the rate of total protein synthesis during the same period. These measurements indicate that enough histone is synthesized during oogenesis in the mouse to support two to three cell divisions. Examination of the intracellular location of newly synthesized proteins in fully grown oocytes revealed that histone H4 was highly concentrated in the nucleus (germinal vesicle), whereas total protein and tubulin were not. Nearly 50% of the histone H4 synthesized during a 5-hr period was located in the oocyte's germinal vesicle, as compared to 1.9 and 0.9% for total protein and tubulin, respectively. These results are compared with those obtained using oocytes and eggs from nonmammalian animal species.