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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Basic Methods for the Study of Reproductive Ecology of Fish in Aquaria
Published on: July 20, 2017
Predator-inspection behaviour in female three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus is associated with status of
J G Frommen1, M Mehlis, T C M Bakker
1Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Savoyenstr. 1a, 1160 Vienna, Austria. j.frommen@klivv.oeaw.ac.at
Abstract:
Differences in predator-inspection behaviour between gravid and non-gravid female as well as between male and female three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus were investigated. Gravid females confronted with a live rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss showed bolder inspection behaviour than non-gravid ones. The behaviour of gravid females was comparable with that of males, maybe because both face a high risk of predation. The results indicate that antipredator behaviour in female G. aculeatus is not fixed but adjusted to their reproductive state.
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