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Characteristic alteration in the second derivative of photoplethysmogram in children
Satoshi Hasegawa1, Seiichi Sato, Fujito Numano
1Division of Pediatrics, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan. shasegawa@med.niigata-u.ac.jp
Insights
The second derivative of the photoplethysmogram (SDPTG) in children changes with age and responds to vasodilators. These findings highlight SDPTG
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Physiology
Background:
- The second derivative of the photoplethysmogram (SDPTG) is established for adult pulse wave analysis.
- Limited research exists on SDPTG application in pediatric populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate age-related changes in SDPTG indices in children.
- To evaluate the response of SDPTG indices to a vasodilator in children.
Main Methods:
- Study 1: Assessed 36 healthy children (0.9-16.0 years) for age-related SDPTG alterations.
- Study 2: Evaluated 13 children (5.4-18.9 years) with Kawasaki disease history receiving dipyridamole.
- SDPTG indices analyzed included d/a ratio, b/a ratio, and aging index (AGI).
Main Results:
- The d/a ratio increased with age (r=0.636, P<0.001), while b/a ratio and AGI decreased (r=-0.343, P<0.05 and r=-0.678, P<0.001).
- d/a ratio and AGI correlated with height, but b/a ratio did not.
- In study 2, d/a ratio significantly increased post-vasodilator (P≤0.05), with no significant change in b/a ratio or AGI.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric SDPTG indices exhibit distinct age-dependent alterations.
- SDPTG indices demonstrate responsiveness to vasodilator administration in children.
Background:
The second derivative of the photoplethysmogram (SDPTG) has been verified as a useful method for analyzing pulse wave form in adults; however, there have been few studies on the SDPTG in children.
Methods:
We examined age-related alteration of SDPTG (study 1) and the SDPTG response to a vasodilator (study 2). The subjects in study 1 were 36 healthy children aged 0.9-16.0 years. The subjects in study 2 were 13 children aged 5.4-18.9 years with a history of Kawasaki disease. Subjects received an i.v. infusion of 0.568 mg/kg dipyridamole. We assessed the SDPTG by d/a ratio, b/a ratio and aging index (AGI).
Results:
The d/a ratio increased with advance of age (r= 0.636, P < 0.001), and the b/a ratio and AGI decreased with advance of age (r=-0.343, P < 0.05 and r=-0.678, P < 0.001, respectively). The d/a ratio and AGI were correlated with height (r= 0.523, P < 0.01 and r=-0.623, P < 0.001, respectively), but the b/a ratio was not significantly correlated with height. In study 2, the d/a ratio increased significantly (P≤ 0.05), but the b/a ratio and AGI did not alter.
Conclusions:
The SDPTG indices in children show characteristic alterations with advance of age and react to a vasodilator.
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