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Relationship between individual cardiovascular risk factors and localization of coronary atherosclerotic lesions
Myrto Trianti1, Theodoros Xanthos, Nicoletta Iacovidou
1Department of Pneumology, 401 General Military Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Insights
Cardiovascular risk factors like male gender, diabetes, and smoking are linked to specific locations of coronary artery disease. Understanding these associations helps predict lesion localization in the coronary arteries.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Interventional Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects millions globally, with lesion localization being crucial for treatment.
- Individual cardiovascular risk factors play a significant role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between specific cardiovascular risk factors and the localization of atherosclerotic lesions within the coronary arteries.
- To determine if certain risk factors predict lesion presence in the left anterior descending, left circumflex, or right coronary arteries.
Main Methods:
- A study of 200 patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease undergoing coronary angiography.
- Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors including male gender, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, hypertension, family history, and diabetes.
- Evaluation of atherosclerotic lesions with stenosis ≥ 50% in the three main coronary arteries and ≥ 30% in the left main stem.
Main Results:
- 78% of patients had at least one significant coronary artery lesion (stenosis ≥ 50%).
- An increasing number of risk factors correlated with a higher number of diseased arteries (P < .001).
- Male gender, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes predicted lesions in the left anterior descending artery; male gender, smoking, and diabetes predicted left circumflex lesions; male gender was the sole predictor for right coronary artery lesions.
Conclusions:
- Individual cardiovascular risk factors demonstrate a differential association with atherosclerotic lesion localization in the coronary arteries.
- These findings highlight the importance of considering specific risk factor profiles when assessing coronary artery disease patterns.
Objective:
The localization of coronary atherosclerotic lesions in patients with coronary artery disease is important. We investigated the relationship between individual cardiovascular risk factors and lesion localization in the coronary arteries.
Methods:
We studied 200 consecutive patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease who were referred for coronary angiography because of chest pain. We assessed the following cardiovascular risk factors: male gender, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, arterial hypertension, positive family history, and diabetes. We evaluated atherosclerotic lesions creating a stenosis ≥ 50% in the 3 coronary arteries and lesions creating a stenosis ≥ 30% in the left main stem.
Results:
Of the 200 study patients, 155 (78%) showed at least 1 coronary artery lesion with a luminal stenosis ≥ 50%. With an increasing number of risk factors, there was a significant progressive increase of diseased arteries (P < .001). There was a differential association between individual risk factors and lesions in the 3 coronary arteries. Male gender, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes were predictors of lesions in the left anterior descending artery (odds ratios 2.365, 2.510, and 1.998, respectively). Predictors of left circumflex artery lesions were male gender, smoking, and diabetes (odds ratios 2.581, 1.913, and 2.280, respectively), whereas the only independent predictor of right coronary artery lesions was male gender (odds ratio 2.995). Diabetes was also significantly associated with lesions in the diagonal branches of the left anterior descending artery and the marginal branches of the left circumflex artery.
Conclusion:
Individual cardiovascular risk factors are associated with the localization of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary circulation.
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