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Related Concept Videos

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Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Plant stem cell niches: from signalling to execution.

Robert Sablowski1

  • 1Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom. robert.sablowski@bbsrc.ac.uk

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|August 27, 2010
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Plant stem cells in shoot and root meristems self-renew and differentiate, guided by transcription factors and signals like auxin, cytokinin, and small RNAs. Recent findings highlight cell division control, chromatin, and genome protection via programmed cell death.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Stem cell research

Background:

  • Shoot and root meristems harbor stem cells crucial for plant development.
  • These stem cells self-renew and generate precursor cells for all plant tissues and organs.
  • Meristematic activity is regulated by complex networks of transcription factors and intercellular signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advances in understanding plant stem cell regulation within meristems.
  • To highlight the integration of hormonal signals (auxin, cytokinin) with genetic regulators.
  • To explore the roles of small RNAs, cell division control, chromatin function, and genome integrity in meristem stem cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research (past two years) on plant meristem stem cells.
  • Analysis of studies investigating molecular signaling pathways.
  • Examination of research on genetic regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA damage response.

Main Results:

  • Integration of auxin and cytokinin signaling with regulatory genes in meristems has been elucidated.
  • Small RNAs identified as novel intercellular signals coordinating stem cell activity.
  • Connections established between meristem regulatory genes and cell division control/chromatin function.
  • Programmed cell death identified as a mechanism for protecting genome integrity in plant stem cells.

Conclusions:

  • Plant meristem stem cell regulation is a dynamic process involving intricate signaling networks.
  • Recent discoveries have significantly advanced our understanding of hormonal and genetic control.
  • Novel roles for small RNAs and specialized functions like genome protection are emerging in plant stem cell biology.