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Aging and performance of home tasks.

M P Lawton1

  • 1Philadelphia Geriatric Center, PA 19141.

Human Factors
|October 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Understanding older adults' household behaviors requires a hierarchy of competence, focusing on activities of daily living (ADL). Research should explore microbehaviors and adaptive strategies for maintaining autonomy despite physical impairments.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Household behaviors are complex and vary in competence.
  • Older adults' behaviors are often assessed via activities of daily living (ADL).
  • The home environment is crucial for older adults' well-being and independence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze household behaviors within a competence hierarchy.
  • To examine older adults' behaviors using activities of daily living (ADL) as a framework.
  • To identify research needs for understanding behavioral adaptation in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Schematization of behaviors using physical and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL).
  • Analysis of impairment rates for ADLs.
  • Review of time budget studies to understand home environment utilization.

Main Results:

  • Household behaviors can be evaluated by health and social-normative criteria within a competence hierarchy.
  • Data on ADL impairment and time use highlight the significance of the home environment.
  • Needs for autonomy, support, and proactivity are evident in older adults' behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • A hierarchical model of behavioral competence is essential for understanding household activities.
  • Further research is needed on microbehaviors and adaptive strategies for older adults facing physical impairments.
  • Developing measures for microbehaviors and studying compensatory strategies are critical research priorities.

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