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Related Experiment Videos

Microstimulation mapping of precentral cortex during trained movements.

E M Schmidt1, J S McIntosh

  • 1Laboratory of Neural Control, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|December 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) mapping of the precentral cortex reveals precise, task-dependent excitation and inhibition zones for forearm muscles. Accurate mapping requires electromyogram (EMG) recordings, as responses can shift with minor electrode changes.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Primate Research

Background:

  • The precentral cortex plays a crucial role in motor control.
  • Understanding the precise organization of motor representations is essential for deciphering movement control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the precentral cortex using intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) in Macaca mulatta monkeys.
  • To investigate the relationship between ICMS, muscle activity, and motor tasks.
  • To determine the accuracy and limitations of ICMS for mapping motor cortex representations.

Main Methods:

  • Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) was applied to the precentral cortex of three monkeys.
  • Monkeys performed alternating wrist flexion/extension and forearm cocontraction tasks.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Electromyogram (EMG) recordings from forearm muscles were used to assess responses to ICMS.

    • Main Results:

    • ICMS results can be misleading without EMG recordings; inhibition may be misinterpreted as excitation.
    • Minor electrode shifts (200 microns) can alter EMG responses from inhibition to excitation or vice versa.
    • Both excitation and inhibition of muscles were observed, often interspersed, and could be task-dependent.
    • Stable EMG responses were achieved when stimulation occurred at consistent points in a repetitive task cycle.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate mapping of motor cortex representations requires simultaneous EMG recording.
    • Cortical inhibitory and excitatory zones for a single muscle can be located very close to each other.
    • Motor cortex representations are highly detailed, with different movement types potentially mapped to distinct subregions.