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Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I

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A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Models of suicide risk: nice persons.

J A Motto¹, A G Bostrom

¹School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143.

|November 1, 1990

Summary

This study identified 11 key indicators for suicide risk in psychiatric patients. These findings offer potential clinical value for identifying individuals at high risk for suicide.

Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Clinical Psychology
Epidemiology

Background:

Identifying individuals at high risk for suicide is a critical challenge in mental healthcare.
Previous research suggests that distinct clinical profiles, or models, may exist among those at risk for suicide.

Purpose of the Study:

To test the hypothesis that specific clinical models of at-risk individuals can yield reliable indicators of suicide risk.
To derive and validate a set of high-risk indicators for clinical application within a defined patient population.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 986 psychiatric inpatients, characterized by the "Nice Persons" model, was analyzed.
The cohort was randomly divided into an index set (N=579) for indicator derivation and a validation set (N=407).
Statistical analyses, including screening, linear discriminant, and logistic procedures, were employed to identify indicators from 184 prospective variables.

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Last Updated: Jul 27, 2026

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Main Results:

Eleven high-risk indicators were identified from the index set.
In the validation set, these 11 indicators achieved a sensitivity of 46% and a specificity of 88% in identifying suicides.
While not statistically significant, the observed efficiency demonstrates considerable clinical potential.

Conclusions:

The study supports the hypothesis that identifiable clinical models can yield specific, high-risk indicators for suicide.
The derived indicators show promising clinical utility for identifying suicide risk in similar patient populations.
Further research and development are warranted to refine and implement these findings in clinical practice.