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Ribonucleoprotein-like structures from coronavirus particles.

M R Macneughton, H A Davies

    The Journal of General Virology
    |June 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Researchers investigated the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex structure in three coronaviruses. They found helical RNP complexes sensitive to enzymes, suggesting a common viral RNA-protein organization.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Structural Biology

    Background:

    • Coronaviruses are significant human and animal pathogens.
    • Understanding the structure of viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes is crucial for viral replication and assembly.
    • Previous studies have characterized RNP complexes in various viruses, but detailed structural information for some coronaviruses remains limited.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the structure of the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex in three distinct coronaviruses: human coronavirus strain 229E, mouse hepatitis virus strain 3, and avian infectious bronchitis virus.
    • To characterize the morphology and composition of the released RNP structures.
    • To determine the sensitivity of these complexes to enzymatic degradation.

    Main Methods:

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  • Disruption of viral particles under mild conditions.
  • Isolation and purification of helical ribonucleoprotein complexes.
  • Morphological analysis using electron microscopy (implied).
  • Enzymatic degradation assays using pancreatic RNase and pronase.

    • Main Results:

    • A single-stranded helical complex, 14-16 nm in diameter and up to 320 nm in length, was released from human coronavirus 229E and mouse hepatitis virus strain 3 particles.
    • These helical complexes consisted of globular subunits (5-7 nm long axes) surrounding a hollow core (3-4 nm diameter).
    • The complexes were degraded by both RNase and pronase, indicating the presence of RNA and protein components.

    Conclusions:

    • The investigated structures are indeed ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes.
    • The findings suggest a conserved structural organization of RNP complexes across different coronaviruses.
    • The structural similarity to RNPs of other large, lipid-containing RNA viruses warrants further investigation.