Cellular abnormalities in common variable immunodeficiency

In most patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) there is evidence for an intrinsic B cell defect, despite an apparently normal cell phenotype. There are at least five separate subgroups of CVI, based on B cell function. These groups may be variations in severity of a single defect, or distinct molecular defects. At least some patients may have an abnormality in the secretory process of the B cell. The existence of patients whose cells can secrete IgM and IgG in vitro and yet are hypogammaglobulinaemic in vivo implies that the architecture of lymphoid organs or the traffic of lymphoid cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The data on T cell defects in CVI indicates that, with sensitive assays, many patients have some abnormality. In the face of a much more defined B cell defect it is not yet possible to assess the overall contribution of the T cell defects to the immune failure.