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Centromere structure and function in budding and fission yeasts.

J Carbon1, L Clarke

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106.

The New Biologist
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Budding and fission yeasts have distinct centromere DNA structures. Fission yeast centromeres, with repetitive DNA, serve as a model for chromosome segregation in higher eukaryotes.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Centromeric DNA sequences are crucial for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division.
  • Budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) possess distinct centromere structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize functional centromeric DNAs from S. cerevisiae and S. pombe.
  • To compare the structure-function relationships of centromeres in these two yeast species.
  • To evaluate the fission yeast centromere as a model for higher eukaryotic chromosome segregation.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of functional centromeric DNAs.
  • Construction and analysis of artificial chromosomes.
  • Structure-function analyses of centromere DNA sequences.

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Main Results:

  • Artificial chromosomes with yeast centromeres segregate faithfully in their respective organisms.
  • Budding yeast centromeres rely on a short consensus DNA sequence (125 bp).
  • Fission yeast centromeres involve extensive repetitive DNA (40-100 kb) in an inverted repeat structure, essential for function.

Conclusions:

  • Significant structural and functional differences exist between budding and fission yeast centromeres.
  • The complex structure of fission yeast centromeres, featuring repetitive DNA, makes it a relevant model for studying chromosome segregation in higher eukaryotes.
  • Understanding these centromeric structures provides insights into the mechanisms of chromosome segregation and the role of repetitive DNA in eukaryotes.