Frequency of haemoglobinopathies at premarital health screening in Dohuk, Iraq: implications for a regional prevention programme

Area of Science:

• Medical Genetics
• Hematology
• Public Health

Background:

• Beta-thalassaemia major and sickle-cell disease pose significant health challenges in Iraq.
• Understanding the prevalence of hemoglobinopathies is crucial for developing effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the frequency of hemoglobin disorders in Dohuk governorate, Iraq.
• To provide data for the establishment of a targeted prevention program.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study involving 1182 individuals (591 couples) undergoing premarital health screening.
• Carrier screening for beta-thalassaemia, sickle-cell gene, and deltabeta3-thalassaemia.

Main Results:

• Carrier rates: 3.7% for beta-thalassaemia, 1.2% for sickle-cell gene, and 0.1% for deltabeta3-thalassaemia.
• 3 couples (5/1000) were identified at risk for beta-thalassaemia major.
• Estimated 39 children per year at risk of major hemoglobinopathy.

Conclusions:

• The study underscores the high prevalence of hemoglobinopathies in the region.
• Premarital screening, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis are essential components of a regional prevention strategy.
• Implementing a comprehensive prevention program can mitigate the impact of these genetic blood disorders.