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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Cationic Nanoemulsion-Encapsulated Retinoic Acid as an Adjuvant to Promote OVA-Specific Systemic and Mucosal Responses

Cationic Nanoemulsion-Encapsulated Retinoic Acid as an Adjuvant to Promote OVA-Specific Systemic and Mucosal Responses

Published on: February 23, 2024

Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium.

Klemens Budde¹, Michael Dürr, Lutz Liefeldt

¹Clinical Transplant Programme and Department of Nephrology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany. klemens.budde@charite.de

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety

|August 28, 2010

Summary

Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) may improve gastrointestinal tolerability in transplant patients, though blinded trials show no significant symptom reduction. Open-label studies suggest EC-MPS offers a viable alternative to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for managing side effects.

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Cationic Nanoemulsion-Encapsulated Retinoic Acid as an Adjuvant to Promote OVA-Specific Systemic and Mucosal Responses

Cationic Nanoemulsion-Encapsulated Retinoic Acid as an Adjuvant to Promote OVA-Specific Systemic and Mucosal Responses

Published on: February 23, 2024

Area of Science:

Immunosuppression in transplantation
Gastrointestinal tolerability of immunosuppressants
Pharmacology of mycophenolic acid derivatives

Background:

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is crucial for post-transplant immunosuppression.
Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects frequently disrupt MPA therapy, leading to dose adjustments or cessation.
Improving GI tolerability is essential for optimizing immunosuppressive regimens.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS).
To assess the GI impact of EC-MPS compared to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).
To explore factors influencing MPA dosing, including proton pump inhibitors and concomitant immunosuppressants.

Main Methods:

Review of key clinical trials comparing EC-MPS and MMF formulations.
Analysis of data on gastrointestinal symptom burden and patient-reported outcomes.
Examination of pharmacological properties and tolerability profiles.

Main Results:

Blinded trials did not confirm significant GI symptom improvement with EC-MPS.
Open-label studies consistently reported enhanced GI tolerability with EC-MPS.
EC-MPS demonstrated comparable efficacy to MMF with a potentially different tolerability profile.

Conclusions:

EC-MPS offers an alternative to MMF, particularly for patients with MMF-related GI issues.
Improved GI tolerability with EC-MPS may allow for restoration of optimal MPA dosing.
This formulation provides a valuable option for transplant recipients requiring MPA therapy.