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Can we predict indirect interactions from quantitative food webs?--an experimental approach.

Ayco J M Tack1, Sofia Gripenberg, Tomas Roslin

  • 1Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland. ayco.tack@helsinki.fi

The Journal of Animal Ecology
|August 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Shared parasitoids can create surprising positive interactions between herbivorous insects, challenging assumptions of apparent competition. This study experimentally shows herbivores with overlapping parasitoid communities can exhibit independent dynamics or even mutualism.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Entomology
  • Food web dynamics

Background:

  • Apparent competition, driven by shared enemies, is often inferred from quantitative food webs.
  • Theoretical models predict diverse outcomes, including positive interactions, challenging negative assumptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally link food web patterns to realized population dynamics of leaf miners.
  • To investigate indirect effects between herbivorous insect species sharing parasitoids.
  • To test if experimental findings align with natural population dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a quantitative food web for three dominant oak leaf miner species.
  • Measured short- and long-term indirect effects by manipulating leaf miner densities.
  • Compared experimental results with natural population dynamics on unmanipulated trees.

Main Results:

  • Leaf miner species sharing more parasitoids exhibited positive interactions over years, not negative.
  • Intraspecific density-dependent parasitism was observed in Tischeria ekebladella.
  • No short-term indirect interactions were detected between leaf miner species within a single generation.

Conclusions:

  • Herbivores with overlapping parasitoid communities can display independent population dynamics or apparent mutualism.
  • Demonstrates versatile indirect interactions in ecological communities.
  • Highlights the necessity of experimental validation for food web pattern inferences.