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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Characterization of Nanocrystal Size Distribution using Raman Spectroscopy with a Multi-particle Phonon Confinement Model
06:54

Characterization of Nanocrystal Size Distribution using Raman Spectroscopy with a Multi-particle Phonon Confinement Model

Published on: August 22, 2015

Kinetic crystallography by Raman microscopy.

Paul R Carey1, Yuanyuan Chen, Bo Gong

  • 1Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biochemistry, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. paul.carey@case.edu

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|August 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Raman microscopy allows real-time observation of molecular interactions within single crystals. This technique, especially Raman difference spectroscopy, reveals sub-molecular changes in complex systems like enzyme inhibition and RNA synthesis.

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Characterization of Nanocrystal Size Distribution using Raman Spectroscopy with a Multi-particle Phonon Confinement Model
06:54

Characterization of Nanocrystal Size Distribution using Raman Spectroscopy with a Multi-particle Phonon Confinement Model

Published on: August 22, 2015

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
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A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

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On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature
07:42

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

Published on: March 11, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Crystallography
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Raman spectra from single macromolecular crystals are stable under non-resonance conditions.
  • This stability provides an ideal platform for Raman difference spectroscopy.
  • Raman spectroscopy can interrogate sub-molecular changes in large, complex macromolecular environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of Raman microscopy for studying reactions within single crystals.
  • To highlight the synergy between Raman spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
  • To illustrate the application of Raman spectroscopy in understanding complex biochemical pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Raman microscopy was used to obtain spectra from single macromolecular crystals.
  • Raman difference spectroscopy was employed to analyze spectral changes.
  • X-ray crystallography data was used to benchmark Raman observations.

Main Results:

  • Raman microscopy successfully monitored reactions within single crystals, including enzyme inhibition and RNA synthesis initiation.
  • Synergistic use with X-ray crystallography provided insights into reaction intermediates and pathways.
  • Sub-molecular changes were identified in complex macromolecular systems.

Conclusions:

  • Raman microscopy is a powerful tool for in-situ analysis of molecular interactions and reactions in crystalline states.
  • The technique offers valuable temporal data for dynamic biochemical processes.
  • Raman microscopy is extendable to nucleic acid crystals, providing insights into RNA-based enzymes.