Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Indistinguishable mitochondrial phenotypes after exposure of healthy myoblasts to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome or control serum.

PloS one·2026
Same author

baal-nf identifies motif-disrupting variants that decrease transcription factor binding affinity.

Genome biology·2026
Same author

Epistatic contributions to human traits via transcription factor mechanisms.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

Semiparametric efficient estimation of small genetic effects in large-scale population cohorts.

Biostatistics (Oxford, England)·2025
Same author

Replicated blood-based biomarkers for myalgic encephalomyelitis not explicable by inactivity.

EMBO molecular medicine·2025
Same author

Unequal access to diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis in England.

BMC public health·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets
03:37

Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets

Published on: March 1, 2024

Transcribed dark matter: meaning or myth?

Chris P Ponting1, T Grant Belgard

  • 1MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK. chris.ponting@dpag.ox.ac.uk

Human Molecular Genetics
|August 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Genomic studies reveal extensive transcription beyond protein-coding genes, but its functional significance remains debated. Resolving this requires demonstrating phenotypic consequences of disrupting non-coding RNA loci.

More Related Videos

Split-Ubiquitin Based Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid (MYTH) System: A Powerful Tool For Identifying Protein-Protein Interactions
14:04

Split-Ubiquitin Based Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid (MYTH) System: A Powerful Tool For Identifying Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: February 1, 2010

Mapping Absolute DNA Density in Cell Nuclei using Single-molecule Localization Microscopy
10:57

Mapping Absolute DNA Density in Cell Nuclei using Single-molecule Localization Microscopy

Published on: November 11, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets
03:37

Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets

Published on: March 1, 2024

Split-Ubiquitin Based Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid (MYTH) System: A Powerful Tool For Identifying Protein-Protein Interactions
14:04

Split-Ubiquitin Based Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid (MYTH) System: A Powerful Tool For Identifying Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: February 1, 2010

Mapping Absolute DNA Density in Cell Nuclei using Single-molecule Localization Microscopy
10:57

Mapping Absolute DNA Density in Cell Nuclei using Single-molecule Localization Microscopy

Published on: November 11, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Transcriptomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genomic tiling arrays, cDNA sequencing, and RNA-Seq have advanced genome annotation.
  • These methods reveal transcription outside of annotated exons, sparking debate on its extent and function.
  • Defining protein-coding genes and assigning overlapping transcripts remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the dispute regarding the balance of transcription within known exons versus outside of them.
  • To clarify the functional significance of non-coding transcription.
  • To establish criteria for gene locus assignment and transcript counting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing genomic tiling arrays and RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to analyze genome-wide transcription.
  • Investigating transcript overlap and shared genomic loci.
  • Assessing the ability of current methods to count transcripts versus exons.

Main Results:

  • Tiling arrays suggested pervasive non-genic transcription ('dark matter').
  • Some RNA-Seq experiments indicated a small polyadenylated transcriptome contribution from non-genic regions.
  • Discrepancies highlight limitations in transcript counting and gene definition.

Conclusions:

  • Thousands of non-coding loci exist outside protein-coding genes.
  • Vigorous debate surrounds the evidence for functionality of these non-coding loci.
  • Demonstrating functional relevance requires linking non-coding RNA disruption to cellular or organismal phenotypes.