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Rapid maxillary expansion screws on the test bench--a pilot study.

Alfred Peter Muchitsch1, B Wendl, H Winsauer

  • 1Department of Clinical Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthodontics, Medical University Clinic of Graz, Austria. alfred.muchitsch@medunigraz.at

European Journal of Orthodontics
|August 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Rigidity of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) screws is crucial for effective force delivery. This study tested 16 RME screw types, finding significant variations in retention arm strength and recommending specific screw groups based on patient age and mechanical demands.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics and Dental Materials Science
  • Biomechanical Engineering in Dentistry

Background:

  • Effective rapid maxillary expansion (RME) requires rigid appliances to deliver high, short-term forces to maxillary sutures.
  • Appliance rigidity minimizes unwanted side effects like dentoalveolar tipping.
  • Retention arms of RME screws are critical, yet vulnerable, components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the mechanical properties of retention arms from various RME screw designs.
  • To classify RME screws based on their ability to withstand bending loads.
  • To correlate mechanical properties with screw design and material.

Main Methods:

  • A three-point bending test was performed on retention arms from 16 different RME screw types (4-arm and 8-arm designs).
  • Maximum force and maximum bending stress parameters were measured for each retention arm.

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  • Ductility was assessed, and a Pearson correlation coefficient was used for statistical analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant variations (up to 69.81% in maximum force) were observed among stainless steel retention arms of similar diameter.
    • The eight-arm stainless steel screw displayed the highest force absorption capacity, while a titanium screw showed the lowest.
    • A significant indirect correlation was found between ductility and both maximum force (r = -0.780) and maximum bending stress (r = -0.778).

    Conclusions:

    • SUPERscrews, Tiger Dental four-arm, and the eight-arm screw demonstrated superior load-bearing capacity.
    • Screw groups 3-6 are suitable for pre-pubertal RME; groups 1 and 2 for pubertal/post-pubertal stages.
    • Only group 1 and the eight-arm screw are recommended for early adulthood due to increasing mechanical demands.