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First example of By phenotype.

B Lenkiewicz1, H Seyfried

  • 1Department of Serology, Institute of Haematology, Warszawa, Poland.

Materia Medica Polona. Polish Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

A rare blood variant was identified where red cells appeared as O, but weak B activity was detected using absorption-elution. This finding, along with reduced B to H antigen ratio in saliva, classifies the blood type as a weak B variant (By).

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Hematology

Background:

  • The ABO blood group system is crucial for blood transfusions and understanding human genetics.
  • Variations in ABO antigen expression can lead to transfusion complications and diagnostic challenges.
  • Weak B phenotypes represent a spectrum of reduced B antigen expression on red blood cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a rare blood sample exhibiting atypical ABO blood grouping results.
  • To investigate the underlying serological and biochemical basis of the observed weak B expression.
  • To classify the identified weak B variant within the known ABO blood group system phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Standard ABO blood grouping tests (forward and reverse typing).
  • Absorption-elution technique to detect weak antigen activity.
  • Analysis of B and H antigen expression in saliva (secretor status).
  • Assessment of B glycosyltransferase activity in serum.

Main Results:

  • Red blood cells initially appeared as blood group O in standard testing.
  • Weak B antigen activity was confirmed on red cells using the absorption-elution method.
  • Saliva analysis revealed the presence of B and H substances, but with a significantly reduced B to H ratio compared to normal secretors.
  • B glycosyltransferase activity was not detected in the serum.
  • The serological profile was consistent with the By phenotype.

Conclusions:

  • The study identified and characterized a rare weak B blood group variant.
  • The findings support the classification of this variant as belonging to the By phenotype.
  • This case highlights the importance of advanced serological techniques for detecting weak blood group antigens.

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