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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...

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Related Experiment Videos

[Juvenile arthritides].

G Horneff1

  • 1Zentrum für Allgemeine Pädiatrie und Neonatologie und Kinderrheumazentrum, Asklepios Klinik Sankt Augustin, Deutschland. g.horneff@asklepios.com

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|August 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing and treating childhood arthritis, particularly juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), requires careful consideration of various conditions. This guide outlines diagnostic approaches and evidence-based therapies for JIA, including medications and biologics.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Childhood arthritis presents complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • A precise approach is crucial, especially for young children.
  • The differential diagnosis includes acute arthritides and chronic conditions like juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Purpose:

  • To provide a guide for diagnosing arthritis in children.
  • To outline evidence-based therapeutic strategies for JIA.

Summary:

  • This overview covers the diagnostic spectrum of pediatric arthritis.
  • It details the evidence-based treatment of JIA, encompassing NSAIDs, corticosteroids, traditional DMARDs (sulfasalazine, methotrexate, leflunomide), TNF inhibitors (etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab), other biopharmaceuticals (anakinra, canakinumab, rilonacept), tocilizumab, and abatacept.

Impact:

  • Aids clinicians in accurate diagnosis and management of pediatric arthritis.
  • Facilitates informed therapeutic decisions for JIA based on current evidence.
  • Contributes to improved outcomes for children with inflammatory joint diseases.