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Related Experiment Videos

Acyclovir-induced acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis.

A Rashed1, B Azadeh, S H Abu Romeh

  • 1Department of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.

Nephron
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Acyclovir infusions may cause acute renal failure in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis. Discontinuation of acyclovir led to renal function recovery, suggesting hypersensitivity interstitial nephritis.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Herpes simplex encephalitis is a serious neurological condition often treated with antiviral medications.
  • Acyclovir is a standard antiviral therapy, but potential adverse effects require monitoring.

Observation:

  • Two patients with presumed herpes simplex encephalitis experienced acute renal failure after intravenous acyclovir administration.
  • The renal failure was severe but non-oliguric, resolving within three weeks of stopping acyclovir.

Findings:

  • Renal biopsies revealed interstitial edema, eosinophils, and cellular aggregates.
  • Granulomatous inflammation was noted in one patient, indicative of hypersensitivity.

Implications:

  • These findings suggest acyclovir can induce hypersensitivity interstitial nephritis.
  • Clinicians should consider this diagnosis in patients developing renal failure during acyclovir therapy.
  • Monitoring renal function is crucial during treatment with intravenous acyclovir.

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