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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology

Normally, water balance is maintained through three interconnected mechanisms: the hypothalamic thirst center, the synthesis and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin), and the kidneys' responsiveness to this hormone. ADH is synthesized in the hypothalamus, released from the posterior pituitary, and acts on the distal nephron, allowing water reabsorption and concentrated urine production.Diabetes Insipidus and Its TypesIn diabetes insipidus (DI), this regulatory system is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Caldesmon over-expression in type 1 diabetic nephropathy.

Renato Millioni1, Elisabetta Iori, Livia Lenzini

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.

Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
|August 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Caldesmon gene is overexpressed in patients with type 1 diabetes and nephropathy. This suggests caldesmon involvement in diabetic kidney disease susceptibility, independent of glucose levels.

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

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Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
06:27

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

Published on: May 6, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Genetic factors contribute to diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes.
  • Actin cytoskeleton dysfunction plays a key role in diabetic nephropathy.
  • Previous studies identified altered cytoskeletal protein expression in type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze caldesmon gene and protein expression in fibroblasts from type 1 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy.
  • To investigate the association between caldesmon and susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy.
  • To determine if caldesmon expression is influenced by high glucose levels.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to study caldesmon gene expression.
  • Two-dimensional electrophoresis quantified caldesmon protein isoforms.
  • Fibroblast cell cultures from type 1 diabetic patients (with and without nephropathy) and controls were used.

Main Results:

  • Caldesmon gene was overexpressed in fibroblasts from diabetic patients with nephropathy compared to controls and diabetic patients without nephropathy.
  • Two caldesmon protein isoforms were increased, and one was decreased in fibroblasts from diabetic patients with nephropathy.
  • Caldesmon protein isoform abundance did not change in response to high glucose conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Caldesmon is implicated in the susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes.
  • The observed changes in caldesmon expression are independent of environmental glucose levels.
  • These findings support a genetic link between caldesmon and diabetic kidney disease.