Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 9, 2026
Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Published on: February 7, 2014
Longitudinal associations between neighborhood-level street network with walking, bicycling, and jogging: the CARDIA
Ningqi Hou1, Barry M Popkin, David R Jacobs
1Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. nhou@uchicago.edu
Objective:
To investigate the differential association between neighborhood-level street network with walking, bicycling, and jogging by urbanicity and gender.
Methods:
We used prospective data from 4 repeated exams on 5115 young adults recruited in 1985-1986, followed through 2000-2001, with self-reported walking, bicycling, and jogging. Using a Geographic Information System, we spatially and temporally linked time-varying residential locations to street network data within a 1 km Euclidean buffer. Two-part marginal effect modeling assessed longitudinal associations between neighborhood-level street network with walking, bicycling, and jogging, by urbanicity and gender, controlling for time-varying individual- and census-level covariates.
Results:
Neighborhood street density was positively associated with walking, bicycling, and jogging in low urbanicity areas, but in middle and high urbanicity areas, these associations became null (men) or inverse (women).
Conclusion:
Characteristics of neighborhood streets may influence adult residents' walking, bicycling, and jogging, particularly in less urban areas. This research may inform policy efforts to encourage physical activity.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Longitudinal Studies
01:20Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
01:25Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
01:20Lifestyle Factors and Health
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...
02:20Longitudinal Research
01:20Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...