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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

The difference between uni- and bilateral auditory phantom percept.

Sven Vanneste1, Mark Plazier1, Elsa van der Loo1

  • 1Brai(2)n, TRI & Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium.

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|August 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Unilateral and bilateral tinnitus exhibit distinct resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) patterns. These neurophysiological differences, particularly in beta and gamma-band activity, aid in differentiating tinnitus types.

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Tinnitus is an auditory phantom percept, often mimicking tonal memory, perceived either unilaterally or bilaterally.
  • Understanding the neurophysiological underpinnings of unilateral versus bilateral tinnitus is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurophysiological differences between unilateral and bilateral tinnitus.
  • To identify distinct resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) patterns associated with each tinnitus type.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized LORETA (Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography) source localization.
  • Analyzed resting-state EEG recordings to compare neurophysiological activity.

Main Results:

  • Distinct patterns of high-frequency activity (beta and gamma bands) were observed in specific brain regions, including the superior prefrontal gyrus, right parahippocampus, right angular gyrus, and right auditory cortex.
  • Unilateral tinnitus showed specific beta and gamma activity patterns, while bilateral tinnitus was characterized by delta and beta activity in different prefrontal areas.

Conclusions:

  • Unilateral and bilateral tinnitus can be differentiated by their unique resting-state oscillation patterns.
  • Specific brain networks, including the superior premotor cortex, parahippocampal area, and angular gyrus, are implicated in tinnitus localization.
  • These neurophysiological distinctions are important for interpreting functional neuroimaging data in tinnitus research.