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Related Concept Videos

Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration01:22

Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration

The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:18

Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Respiratory compensation is a vital physiological process that stabilizes blood plasma pH by regulating the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), a key determinant of pH levels. Most carbon dioxide in the blood dissolves and converts into carbonic acid (H2CO3). It dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3⁻). There is also an inverse relationship between PCO2​​ and pH.
When carbon dioxide levels increase in the blood, more H+ and HCO3⁻ are produced, leading to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography
08:58

Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography

Published on: July 10, 2018

The role of serotonin in respiratory function and dysfunction.

Gérard Hilaire1, Nicolas Voituron, Clément Menuet

  • 1Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2 M), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6231, CNRS-Université Aix-Marseille II & III, Faculté Saint Jérôme, Marseille, France.

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|August 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Serotonin (5-HT) influences brain function and respiratory control. This review explores 5-HT

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography
08:58

Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography

Published on: July 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Serotonin (5-HT) acts as a key neuromodulator in the central nervous system.
  • 5-HT significantly impacts global brain function and autonomic circuits.
  • Altered serotonergic systems are implicated in various neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of serotonin in the development and control of ponto-medullary respiratory networks.
  • To examine 5-HT's involvement in breathing disorders across different life stages.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on serotonin and respiratory control.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on developmental and adult respiratory disorders linked to 5-HT.

Main Results:

  • 5-HT plays a crucial role in modulating ponto-medullary autonomic circuits.
  • The serotonergic system is vital for neurotrophic processes during neural development.
  • Dysfunction in 5-HT pathways is associated with conditions like Rett syndrome, SIDS, Prader-Willi, sleep apnea, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Serotonin is integral to the development and function of respiratory networks.
  • Understanding 5-HT's role is critical for addressing a spectrum of respiratory and neurological disorders throughout life.