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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

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Robotic Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Head Cancer: a Case Report of a Standardized Technique
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Pancreatic trauma in children.

Ingrid Sutherland1, Oren Ledder, Joe Crameri

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

Pediatric Surgery International
|August 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric traumatic pancreatitis, often from motor vehicle accidents, can occur without imaging evidence. Most cases are managed conservatively, with surgery reserved for severe ductal injuries.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Traumatic pancreatitis in children is a rare but serious condition.
  • Understanding the demographics, mechanisms, and outcomes is crucial for effective management.
  • Previous studies have not fully elucidated the characteristics of pediatric pancreatic trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the demographics, mechanisms, and outcomes of traumatic pancreatitis in children.
  • To analyze injury patterns and treatment strategies at a tertiary referral center.

Main Methods:

  • A 10-year retrospective audit of children with pancreatic injury (1993-2002) at a major Australian tertiary hospital.
  • Data collected included demographics, injury mechanism, imaging findings (CT/ultrasound), laboratory results, complications, and length of stay.
  • Patients were categorized into two groups based on imaging evidence of pancreatic injury.

Main Results:

  • 91 cases of pediatric pancreatic trauma were identified; 59 without imaging evidence (Group A) and 32 with imaging evidence (Group B).
  • Group A had lower initial lipase levels and shorter hospital stays compared to Group B.
  • Mortality rates were similar between groups (13.5% vs. 12.5%), but imaging-confirmed injuries led to more surgical interventions.
  • Motor vehicle accidents were the most common cause overall; bicycle handlebar injuries predominated in high-grade ductal injuries.
  • Associated injuries were frequent in both groups.

Conclusions:

  • Significant pancreatic injury can be present even with normal medical imaging.
  • Traumatic pancreatitis in children is often associated with multiple injuries, frequently from motor vehicle accidents and bicycle handlebar impacts.
  • Conservative management is typically successful, with surgery indicated primarily for high-grade ductal injuries.