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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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Adoptive Immunotherapy of iNKT Cells in Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase (G6PI)-Induced RA Mice
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Adoptive Immunotherapy of iNKT Cells in Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase (G6PI)-Induced RA Mice

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Retinoic acid: a key player in immunity.

Karina Pino-Lagos1, Yanxia Guo, Randolph J Noelle

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA.

Biofactors (Oxford, England)
|August 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin A and its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), are crucial for immune defense. This review details how RA regulates immune cell growth, differentiation, and homing, impacting infectious disease resistance and tumor microenvironments.

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Adoptive Immunotherapy of iNKT Cells in Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase (G6PI)-Induced RA Mice
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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Vitamin A has long been recognized for its role in host resistance to infectious diseases.
  • Recent research is uncovering the specific cellular and molecular pathways through which vitamin A influences immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent discoveries on the role of vitamin A and retinoic acid (RA) in regulating immune cells.
  • To discuss the impact of RA on leukocyte development and function.
  • To highlight RA's influence on inflammatory responses and the tumor microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on vitamin A and immune regulation.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular mechanisms.
  • Focus on leukocyte biology and immune responses.

Main Results:

  • Retinoic acid (RA) significantly impacts leukocyte growth, differentiation, and homing.
  • RA plays a key role in modulating both cell-mediated and humoral immunity.
  • Understanding RA's function is critical for addressing infectious diseases and cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin A, via retinoic acid, is a vital regulator of the immune system.
  • RA's mechanisms are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and host defense.
  • Further research into RA signaling pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for immune-related conditions.