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Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Predicting Precipitation
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Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
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Solubility Equilibria

Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
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Precipitation Processes01:12

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Solution Equilibrium and Saturation01:59

Solution Equilibrium and Saturation

Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...

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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
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Published on: December 29, 2016

Evaluation of predictive models for stable solid solution formation.

Jessica Albers1, Karin Matthée, Klaus Knop

  • 1Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|August 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predicting drug and carrier miscibility for stable solid solutions is crucial. Combining chemical structure analysis, X-ray diffraction, and melting point depression offers a successful screening approach, with differential scanning calorimetry showing the highest impact.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Solid solutions are critical for improving drug bioavailability and stability.
  • Predicting miscibility between active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients is essential for formulation development.
  • Current methods for miscibility screening can be time-consuming and resource-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate existing predictive models for stable solid solution formation.
  • To identify a rapid and effective strategy for miscibility screening of drug-excipient systems.
  • To determine the most impactful analytical techniques for predicting drug-carrier miscibility.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of chemical structures.
  • X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) for crystallinity assessment.
  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for melting point depression and enthalpy determination.
  • Melting point depression analysis.

Main Results:

  • Chemical structure interpretation, XRPD, and melting point depression are valuable for predicting drug-carrier miscibility.
  • A combined approach using multiple prediction tools is highly effective, as no single method provides complete information.
  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) evaluation of melting behavior demonstrated the most significant impact on miscibility prediction.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated analytical methods provide a robust framework for predicting solid solution formation.
  • Differential scanning calorimetry is a key technique for efficient and accurate miscibility assessment in pharmaceutical formulations.
  • This study offers a streamlined approach for selecting appropriate carriers for drug development, enhancing formulation success.