[Molecular aspects of antineoplasic action of vitamin D]

The effects of the environment, particularly dietary factors, may influence in the development and prevention of cancer. Vitamin D (colecalciferol) has been associated for years with calcium homeostasis regulation, but many epidemiological, biochemical and genetic studies reveal non classic effects of vitamin D, such as vitamin D involvement in the progression of different types of cancer. The aim of the present article was to give a review about the molecular mechanisms of the antineoplasic action of vitamin D. These effects are still not completely established, but it is well known that vitamin D induces cellular arrest, triggers apoptotic pathways, inhibits angiogenesis and alters cellular adhesion. To maintain suitable vitamin D levels seems to be necessary for many physiological processes, and not only for bone homeostasis. Clinical studies might determine vitamin D levels that can also protect against the cancer development.