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Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures
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Published on: February 8, 2018

Discrepancies in thorium oxide solubility values: study of attachment/detachment processes at the solid/solution

Johan Vandenborre1, Bernd Grambow, Abdessalam Abdelouas

  • 1SUBATECH, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6457, Ecole des mines de Nantes, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France. johan.vandenborre@subatech.in2p3.fr

Inorganic Chemistry
|September 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Thorium oxide solubility discrepancies arise from grain boundary reactions, not bulk equilibrium. Understanding these site-specific exchange mechanisms is crucial for accurate solubility assessments of sparingly soluble solids.

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Published on: December 4, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Radiochemistry

Background:

  • The solubility of thorium oxides and hydroxides is poorly understood, with significant discrepancies in literature values.
  • Existing studies lack a clear explanation for the wide range of reported thorium solubility data.
  • Thorium's behavior in aqueous solutions is critical for nuclear waste management and environmental safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the discrepancy in thorium oxide solubility values by studying Th atom exchange.
  • To elucidate the role of different thorium oxide surface species in solubility.
  • To determine the factors controlling thorium concentration in aqueous solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Solid-state characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
  • Atom exchange experiments between thorium oxide surfaces and aqueous NaCl solutions (0.01 mol·L(-1), pH 0.0-5.2).
  • Long-term (300 days) solubility experiments using (232)ThO(2)(cr) and isotopic tracer ((229)Th) to measure detachment and attachment rates.

Main Results:

  • Thorium oxide surfaces consist of 80% less reactive ThO(2)(cr) grains and 20% reactive ThO(x)(OH)(y)(H(2)O)(z) at grain boundaries.
  • Only the grain boundary species are involved in solid/solution exchange, controlling measured thorium concentrations.
  • Solubility is governed by local conditions and the availability of reactive surface species, not bulk thermodynamic equilibrium.

Conclusions:

  • Thorium solubility is dictated by site-specific exchange mechanisms at grain boundaries, explaining literature discrepancies.
  • Accurate solubility constraints for sparingly soluble solids require quantifying surface attachment and detachment rates.
  • Understanding these interfacial processes is vital for predicting thorium behavior in environmental and industrial contexts.