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Related Concept Videos

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration01:26

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration

Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.
Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection01:30

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods01:29

Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods

As used in a healthcare facility, sterilization destroys all microorganisms through physical or chemical methods. The physical method includes steam, dry heat, boiling water, and radiation.
Steam sterilization uses non-toxic, low-cost moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure, which is fast, microbicidal, and sporicidal, and quickly warms and penetrates fabrics. Autoclaves, or steam sterilizers, expose each item to direct steam contact for a predetermined time at the necessary...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods01:30

Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods

In healthcare, the chemical method of sterilization uses chemical sterilants to treat surgical instruments and medical supplies to help prevent the transmission of infectious pathogens to patients. Due to heat sensitivity, most medical supplies and equipment should not be exposed to high temperatures. These parts include rubber, plastic, glass, and other similar elements.
Using chemical sterilization rather than heat to clean out equipment is recommended. It eradicates and removes all bacteria,...
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Microbial Control and Monitoring Strategies for Cleanroom Environments and Cellular Therapies
09:30

Microbial Control and Monitoring Strategies for Cleanroom Environments and Cellular Therapies

Published on: March 17, 2023

Room decontamination with UV radiation.

William A Rutala1, Maria F Gergen, David J Weber

  • 1Hospital Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Health Care, and the Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7030, USA. brutala@unch.unc.edu

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
|September 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study shows a UV-C device effectively eliminates harmful bacteria, including MRSA and C. difficile spores, from hospital rooms within 50 minutes, enhancing patient safety.

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Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics
14:56

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics

Published on: April 6, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Microbial Control and Monitoring Strategies for Cleanroom Environments and Cellular Therapies
09:30

Microbial Control and Monitoring Strategies for Cleanroom Environments and Cellular Therapies

Published on: March 17, 2023

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics
14:56

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics

Published on: April 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Nosocomial pathogens pose a significant threat to patient safety in healthcare settings.
  • Effective disinfection strategies are crucial for preventing the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs).
  • UV-C radiation is a non-chemical method for surface disinfection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a UV-C emitting device in eliminating key nosocomial pathogens.
  • To assess the effectiveness of UV-C disinfection in a simulated and real-world hospital room environment.

Main Methods:

  • Phase 1: Contaminated Formica sheets with MRSA, VRE, MDR A. baumannii, and C. difficile spores were placed in a test room and exposed to UV-C.
  • Phase 2: Hospital rooms previously occupied by MRSA or VRE patients were sampled before and after UV-C irradiation.
  • Microbial presence and colony counts were assessed after timed UV-C exposure.

Main Results:

  • UV-C radiation reduced vegetative bacteria counts by over 99.9% within 15 minutes.
  • C. difficile spore reduction reached 99.8% within 50 minutes.
  • In MRSA-occupied rooms, UV-C significantly decreased MRSA presence and counts within approximately 15 minutes.

Conclusions:

  • The UV-C device demonstrated high effectiveness in eliminating vegetative bacteria and C. difficile spores on contaminated surfaces.
  • UV-C disinfection was efficient both in direct line of sight and behind objects.
  • The findings support the use of UV-C devices as a valuable tool in hospital infection control protocols.