Cardiovascular effects of two disulfide analogues of sarafotoxin S6b

Sarafotoxin S6b (STX-b), a peptide toxin isolated from the venom of the Israeli burrowing asp, Atractaspis engaddensis, consists of 21 amino acid residues with four cysteines at positions 1,3,11 and 15. In the present study, we compared the cardiovascular effects of two synthetic STX-b analogues with different disulfide bridge locations, i.e. STX-b type A (1-15, 3-11) and STX-b type B (1-11, 3-15). At doses of 0.3-3 nmoles/kg (i.v.), type A produced a sustained pressor effect with transient increase in pulse pressure. However, at 5 nmoles/kg, it produced a transient increase followed by decrease in blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate within 30 sec and 12 out of 13 mice died within 10 min. Various kinds of ECG changes, suggestive of myocardial ischemia and hyperkalemia, were observed. Type A also caused a significant increase in the plasma levels of K+, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, inorganic phosphate and glucose. By contrast, type B did not kill any mouse at doses up to 50 nmoles/kg. In the rat aorta, type A caused a potent vasoconstriction which was dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and was partially inhibited by verapamil and H-7, a protein kinase C inhibitor. In the rat Langendorff heart preparation, type A produced coronary vasospasm with potency about 100 times higher than that of type B. A similar potency ratio was observed for the positive inotropic effect in rat atria. These results indicate that the location of disulfide bridges in sarafotoxin S6b markedly influences the pharmacological potency and the natural sarafotoxin S6b should be type A with the disulfide bridge locations at positions 1-15 and 3-11.