Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gene expression profiling of dendritic cell tolerance dysfunction in women with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

FIRST-seq: a nanopore-based cDNA sequencing platform for RNA modification and structure profiling.

Genome biology·2026
Same author

BLOC1S1 variants cause lysosomal and autophagic defects resulting in a hypomyelinating leukodystrophy with epileptic encephalopathy.

American journal of human genetics·2026
Same author

Advancing Neuropediatric Rare Disease Diagnosis Through Clinical Genome Sequencing.

Pediatric neurology·2026
Same author

Development of a comprehensive cardiovascular disease genetic risk assessment test.

Genetics in medicine open·2026
Same author

Specificity of the stabilizing interaction between intrinsically disordered protein sequences and G-quadruplexes in RNA.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Dynamic isomiR regulation in Drosophila development.

Selene L Fernandez-Valverde1, Ryan J Taft, John S Mattick

  • 1Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|September 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNA isoforms (isomiRs) with modified 3' ends are differentially expressed during Drosophila development and in adult tissues. These regulated isomiRs suggest a biologically meaningful role in gene regulation.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.
  • Recent studies reveal miRNAs can have variable 3' ends due to nucleotide additions.
  • These variations, known as miRNA isoforms (isomiRs), include uridylation and adenylation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental and tissue-specific expression patterns of miRNA isoforms (isomiRs) in Drosophila melanogaster.
  • To determine if isomiR expression is regulated and biologically significant.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of two small RNA deep-sequencing data sets from Drosophila melanogaster.
  • Quantification and comparison of isomiR abundance across different developmental stages and adult tissues.

More Related Videos

Live-imaging of the Drosophila Pupal Eye
09:54

Live-imaging of the Drosophila Pupal Eye

Published on: January 12, 2015

The Drosophila Imaginal Disc Tumor Model: Visualization and Quantification of Gene Expression and Tumor Invasiveness Using Genetic Mosaics
10:31

The Drosophila Imaginal Disc Tumor Model: Visualization and Quantification of Gene Expression and Tumor Invasiveness Using Genetic Mosaics

Published on: October 6, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Live-imaging of the Drosophila Pupal Eye
09:54

Live-imaging of the Drosophila Pupal Eye

Published on: January 12, 2015

The Drosophila Imaginal Disc Tumor Model: Visualization and Quantification of Gene Expression and Tumor Invasiveness Using Genetic Mosaics
10:31

The Drosophila Imaginal Disc Tumor Model: Visualization and Quantification of Gene Expression and Tumor Invasiveness Using Genetic Mosaics

Published on: October 6, 2016

Main Results:

  • Nontemplate adenosine additions to miRNA 3' ends are abundant in early development.
  • A subset of miRNAs with 3' uridines are specifically expressed in adult tissues.
  • The size of mature miRNAs varies in a life-cycle and tissue-specific manner.
  • Specific isomiRs (e.g., miR-282, miR-312) enriched in early development target developmental genes, suggesting roles in stability or target interaction.

Conclusions:

  • IsomiR expression is not random but is regulated and biologically meaningful.
  • Variations in isomiR profiles contribute to the complexity of miRNA-mediated gene regulation.
  • Further research into isomiR biology is warranted to fully understand their functional significance.