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Related Concept Videos

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Clinical Application of Phase Angle and BIVA Z-Score Analyses in Patients Admitted to an Emergency Department with Acute Heart Failure
04:05

Clinical Application of Phase Angle and BIVA Z-Score Analyses in Patients Admitted to an Emergency Department with Acute Heart Failure

Published on: June 30, 2023

[A young man with acute, generalised oedema].

Trond Engjom1, Kristin Kampevold Larsen, Oddbjørn Hove

  • 1Gastroseksjonen, Medisinsk avdeling, Haukeland universitetssykehus, 5021 Bergen, Norway. trond.engjom@helse-bergen.no

Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke
|September 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause severe Ménétrier-like gastritis leading to protein loss in adults without compromised immunity. This case highlights CMV as a potential cause of this rare condition.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Clinical Application of Phase Angle and BIVA Z-Score Analyses in Patients Admitted to an Emergency Department with Acute Heart Failure
04:05

Clinical Application of Phase Angle and BIVA Z-Score Analyses in Patients Admitted to an Emergency Department with Acute Heart Failure

Published on: June 30, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Ménétrier disease is a rare condition causing protein loss due to gastric foveolar hyperplasia.
  • While often idiopathic, cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been linked to self-limiting cases, particularly in children.

Observation:

  • A formerly healthy adult presented with severe hypoalbuminemia and generalized edema.
  • Endoscopic and ultrasound findings revealed gastric wall thickening consistent with Ménétrier disease.
  • Histological analysis of biopsies indicated moderate foveolar hyperplasia and suggested an infectious etiology.

Findings:

  • Intranuclear inclusion bodies, CMV-specific immunology, PCR, and special stains confirmed cytomegalovirus infection.
  • The patient experienced rapid clinical improvement following antiviral therapy.

Implications:

  • This case demonstrates that cytomegalovirus can induce severe Ménétrier-like gastritis with protein loss in non-immune-compromised adults.
  • Highlights the importance of considering infectious causes, specifically CMV, in adult patients presenting with symptoms of Ménétrier disease.