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Related Concept Videos

Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia, and...
Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia, and...
Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...
Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis01:24

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
Lifecycle of Erythrocytes01:22

Lifecycle of Erythrocytes

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, constantly move through blood capillaries. As a result, they damage their plasma membrane due to the continuous friction. Typically, after 100 to 120 days, erythrocytes become rigid and fragile as they wear out. As they pass through small vessels in the spleen and liver, they can get trapped and break apart into fragments.
The resident phagocytic macrophages deal with these damaged cells by engulfing them and separating their globin and heme groups.

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Lentiviral-mediated Knockdown During Ex Vivo Erythropoiesis of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells
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Lentiviral-mediated Knockdown During Ex Vivo Erythropoiesis of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Published on: July 16, 2011

Acute erythroid leukemia.

Zhuang Zuo1, Jacek M Polski, Armen Kasyan

  • 1Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. zzuo@mdanderson.org

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|September 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Acute erythroid leukemia (AEL) diagnosis is impacted by current WHO criteria, affecting classification and prognosis. Further molecular studies are crucial for understanding AEL pathogenesis and identifying new markers.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Acute erythroid leukemia (AEL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), comprising less than 5% of cases.
  • AEL is characterized by predominant erythroid proliferation, with two subtypes: erythroleukemia and pure erythroid leukemia.
  • Morphological findings are key for diagnosis, but AEL can overlap with other erythroid-rich hematologic malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the understanding of AEL, including clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular aspects.
  • To review the literature and specific AEL cases, with a focus on the more common erythroleukemia subtype.
  • To analyze the impact of current World Health Organization (WHO) classification criteria on AEL diagnosis and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pertinent literature on AEL.
  • Analysis of clinicopathologic, cytogenetic, and molecular data from AEL cases.
  • Extraction of information from institutional case files.

Main Results:

  • Current WHO criteria reclassify many erythroleukemia cases as other AML subtypes (e.g., AML with myelodysplasia-related changes, therapy-related AML).
  • This reclassification may alter the prognostic significance for patients with the erythroleukemia subtype.
  • The WHO criteria have minimal impact on the frequency and poor prognosis of the pure erythroid leukemia subtype.

Conclusions:

  • The current WHO classification impacts AEL diagnosis and potentially prognosis, particularly for the erythroleukemia subtype.
  • Further molecular studies, including high-throughput methods, are essential for elucidating AEL pathogenesis.
  • Developing novel diagnostic and prognostic markers for AEL requires deeper molecular insights.