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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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The Use of Pharmacological-challenge fMRI in Pre-clinical Research: Application to the 5-HT System

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Published on: April 25, 2012

Challenges for Molecular Neuroimaging with MRI.

Victor S Lelyveld¹, Tatjana Atanasijevic, Alan Jasanoff

¹Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, NW14-2213, Cambridge, MA 02139.

International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology

|September 3, 2010

Summary

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) faces challenges in neuroscience, particularly delivering agents past the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and improving detection sensitivity for molecular neuroimaging.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Molecular Imaging
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based molecular imaging is emerging in neuroscience.
Few molecular imaging agents are validated in live animal brains despite in vitro success.
Challenges hinder the expansion of molecular neuroimaging approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

Discuss key challenges in molecular neuroimaging.
Review methods for overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for agent delivery.
Explore strategies to enhance MRI sensitivity for molecular agents.

Main Methods:

Review of established and emerging techniques for trans-BBB delivery (intracranial infusion, BBB disruption, transporter methods).
Discussion of strategies to improve MRI contrast agent relaxivity (T1 and T2).
Examination of methods for amplifying molecular signals and reducing background noise.

Main Results:

Delivery of agents past the BBB remains a significant obstacle for central nervous system imaging.
Enhancing MRI sensitivity is crucial for reducing agent dosage and potential side effects.
Advances in relaxivity and signal amplification show promise for improved detection.

Conclusions:

Overcoming BBB delivery and enhancing MRI sensitivity are critical for advancing molecular neuroimaging.
Ongoing refinement of imaging and delivery techniques will increase accessibility of MRI for molecular neuroscience.
MRI-based molecular neuroimaging holds significant potential for future research.