Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...

Reason and Intuition

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...

Self-Regulation

Self-Regulation

Self-regulation, also known as self-control, encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral processes that allow individuals to adjust their internal states and outward actions to align with socially acceptable norms and long-term goals. It plays a fundamental role in adaptive functioning, from resisting impulsive behaviors to persisting through challenging tasks. While its benefits are widely recognized, self-regulation is not limitless. Muraven and Baumeister's theory posits that...

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective.
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant factor...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cross-subject decoding of internal mental states using predictive time-series modeling.

Science bulletin·2026

Same author

How to change research culture with participatory workshops.

Nature human behaviour·2026

Same author

Brain plasticity underlying acquisition of new organizational skills in children: A Rashomon analysis.

Frontiers in neuroimaging·2025

Same author

Evidence of neurocognitive and resting state functional connectivity differences in carriers of NRXN1 deletions.

Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders·2025

Same author

BrainQCNet: A Deep Learning attention-based model for the automated detection of artifacts in brain structural MRI scans.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025

Same author

Measuring shifts in attentional bias following satiety: A within-subject eye-tracking study in healthy-weight adults.

Physiology & behavior·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Your resting brain CAREs about your risky behavior.

Christine L Cox¹, Kristin Gotimer, Amy K Roy

¹Phyllis Green and Randolph Cōwen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience at the New York University Child Study Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America.

|September 3, 2010

Summary

Individual risk-taking attitudes are linked to brain connectivity patterns. Specifically, risk aversion correlates with stronger connections between the right inferior frontal gyrus and insula, and weaker connections involving the nucleus accumbens.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm

Published on: May 4, 2020

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm

Published on: May 4, 2020

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Decision Science

Background:

Understanding neural mechanisms of risk-related behaviors is crucial for decision-making research.
Previous studies used task-based neuroimaging, but interactions between brain regions and personality remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) differences related to risk-taking beliefs.
Examine stable brain-behavior relationships across one year.

Main Methods:

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) on 21 participants.
Assessed individual expected benefit from risky behavior (risk-seeking vs. risk-averse).
Statistical models analyzed RSFC in regions involved in risk, reward, and cognitive control.

Main Results:

Decreased expected benefit (risk aversion) linked to stronger positive connectivity between right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right insula.
Risk aversion also associated with weaker negative connectivity between left nucleus accumbens and right parieto-occipital cortex.
These relationships were stable across scans collected one year apart.

Conclusions:

Individual differences in risk attitudes are reflected in intrinsic brain functional architecture.
Findings suggest implications for understanding real-world risk-taking behaviors.
Highlights the role of specific brain network interactions in shaping risk perception.