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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Monitoring Protein-Ligand Interactions in Human Cells by Real-Time Quantitative In-Cell NMR using a High Cell Density Bioreactor
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Monitoring Protein-Ligand Interactions in Human Cells by Real-Time Quantitative In-Cell NMR using a High Cell Density Bioreactor

Published on: March 9, 2021

Effect of drugs in cells and tissues by NMR spectroscopy

Isabel García-Álvarez1, Alfonso Fernández-Mayoralas, Leoncio Garrido

  • 1Departamento de Química Orgánica Biológica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General/CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain.

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
|September 3, 2010
PubMed

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
The...
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
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The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
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Aromatic compounds can be identified or analyzed using proton NMR and carbon‐13 NMR. Typically, aromatic hydrogens or hydrogens directly bonded to the aromatic rings are strongly deshielded by the aromatic ring current. Therefore, they absorb in the range of 6.5–8.0 ppm in proton NMR spectra. For instance, aromatic hydrogens directly bonded to the benzene ring absorb at 7.3 ppm. However, aromatic hydrogens of larger rings absorb farther upfield or downfield than the ideal range. Consider...