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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Cloning of Dolly the Sheep01:08

Cloning of Dolly the Sheep

The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual,  the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter telomeres than other...

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Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
09:40

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics

Published on: January 25, 2019

The sheep genome reference sequence: a work in progress.

1, A L Archibald, N E Cockett

  • 1The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Animal Genetics
|September 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The International Sheep Genomics Consortium (ISGC) is developing a draft reference genome for sheep (Ovis aries) using diverse next-generation sequencing platforms. This review details their strategy for data generation, assembly, and annotation, promoting community involvement and data sharing.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Mammalian Genetics

Background:

  • Reference genome construction traditionally relied on Sanger sequencing.
  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms offer diverse characteristics (read length, biases) for genome assembly.
  • The International Sheep Genomics Consortium (ISGC) is undertaking a significant project to create a sheep reference genome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To inform the mammalian genomics community about the ISGC's strategy for constructing the sheep reference genome.
  • To describe the experimental design, data generation, sequence assembly, and annotation processes.
  • To encourage community participation and adherence to data sharing standards.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a combination of next-generation sequencing platforms.
  • Implementing robust sequence assembly pipelines.
  • Performing comprehensive genome annotation.

Main Results:

  • A draft reference genome for sheep (Ovis aries) is being constructed.
  • Detailed information on data generation, assembly, and annotation is provided.
  • A framework for pre-publication data release and sharing is established.

Conclusions:

  • The ISGC's approach integrates multiple NGS technologies for comprehensive genome construction.
  • The review serves as a guide for the sheep genomics community and promotes collaborative research.
  • Adherence to data sharing guidelines ensures accessibility and reproducibility of genomic data.