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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
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Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

Published on: January 31, 2025

Autophagy in liver diseases.

Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou1, Abdellah Mansouri, Didier Lebrec

  • 1Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France. perautou@yahoo.fr

Journal of Hepatology
|September 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy, a cellular self-digestion process, plays a vital role in liver health and disease. Modulating autophagy offers therapeutic potential for various liver conditions, including cancer and metabolic disorders.

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Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver
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Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Hepatology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process involved in homeostasis and survival.
  • Dysregulation of autophagy is implicated in numerous human diseases, particularly liver disorders.
  • Recent research highlights autophagy's critical roles in various hepatology fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of autophagy in liver physiology and pathology.
  • To explore the therapeutic implications of modulating autophagy in liver diseases.
  • To discuss the impact of autophagy on liver ischemia reperfusion injury, viral hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, alcoholic liver disease, and obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on autophagy in liver diseases.
  • Analysis of autophagy's role in cellular responses to stress, infection, and metabolic dysfunction.
  • Examination of therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy in liver conditions.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy exhibits a prosurvival role in liver ischemia reperfusion injury.
  • Hepatitis viruses can subvert autophagy for their replication.
  • Decreased autophagy is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma, with potential anti-tumor effects from autophagy-enhancing therapies.
  • Autophagy is crucial for clearing aggregated proteins in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.
  • Reduced autophagy contributes to liver injury in alcoholic liver disease and obesity, while its upregulation can improve insulin sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is a key player in liver health and disease pathogenesis.
  • Targeting autophagy presents promising therapeutic avenues for a spectrum of liver conditions.
  • Understanding autophagy's complex roles is essential for developing effective liver disease treatments.