Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Subconsciousness and No Awareness01:15

Subconsciousness and No Awareness

The concept of subconscious awareness refers to the processing of information below the level of conscious thought, which significantly influences both behaviors and decisions. It is also known as waking subconscious awareness. This complex level of cognition operates without the direct awareness of the individual, facilitating rapid and simultaneous handling of multiple information streams.
An illustrative example of subconscious processing is its role in problem-solving. Often, individuals...
Nonconscious Mimicry01:13

Nonconscious Mimicry

Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon01:10

Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon

The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is a cognitive experience characterized by a temporary inability to retrieve specific information from memory despite having a strong feeling of knowing the information. Although individuals cannot access the target word or detail, they frequently recall related elements, such as its initial letter, syllable count, or context. This partial retrieval often causes frustration, as one might recognize a familiar face or know that a name starts with a specific...
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The PMADS Project: A Longitudinal Multimodal Cohort Study to Understand Risk for Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Executive functioning-related neural processes in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes.

Brain imaging and behavior·2026
Same author

Neural mechanisms of cognitive conflict: processing COVID-19 vaccine misinformation.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026
Same author

A compressed code for memory discrimination.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Evidence for a single rather than a triple dissociation in the medial temporal lobe: An fMRI recognition memory replication study.

Neuroimage. Reports·2025
Same author

A response time model of the three-choice Mnemonic Similarity Task provides stable, mechanistically interpretable individual-difference measures.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2024
Same journal

Transition and renewal at <i>Learning & Memory</i>.

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Experimentally induced encoding variability influences mnemonic discrimination: evidence from human behavioral data and global matching models.

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Temporal proximity to sleep determines emotional memory interference.

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Item recognition is associated with gut microbiota composition in healthy humans.

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Memory-based similar lure rejections promote subsequent memory for relative recency.

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Chronic stress enhances threat responding and impacts fear extinction.

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

A Modified Mirror Test as a Visual Guide for the Self-awareness Trait in Wild Antarctica Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae
04:51

A Modified Mirror Test as a Visual Guide for the Self-awareness Trait in Wild Antarctica Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae

Published on: July 8, 2025

Recognition without awareness: an elusive phenomenon.

Annette Jeneson1, C Brock Kirwan, Larry R Squire

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA.

Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)
|September 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study failed to replicate findings suggesting nondeclarative memory drives recognition performance without awareness. Results indicate full attention and high confidence enhance memory, contradicting prior research on implicit memory.

More Related Videos

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis
05:48

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis

Published on: August 9, 2024

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
12:51

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Published on: October 6, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

A Modified Mirror Test as a Visual Guide for the Self-awareness Trait in Wild Antarctica Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae
04:51

A Modified Mirror Test as a Visual Guide for the Self-awareness Trait in Wild Antarctica Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae

Published on: July 8, 2025

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis
05:48

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis

Published on: August 9, 2024

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
12:51

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Published on: October 6, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Previous studies suggested nondeclarative memory could drive recognition performance without conscious awareness.
  • Paradoxically, better performance was observed under divided attention and when decisions were guesses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate findings on recognition memory potentially driven by nondeclarative memory.
  • To investigate conditions influencing recognition performance without awareness.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted using a paradigm from prior studies.
  • Participants performed recognition memory tasks under varying attention levels and confidence ratings.

Main Results:

  • Recognition memory was better under full attention compared to divided attention.
  • Higher recognition performance was associated with high or low confidence ratings, not guesses.
  • The study could not demonstrate recognition memory without awareness.

Conclusions:

  • The findings contradict previous research suggesting implicit memory influences recognition without awareness.
  • Standard conditions of attention and confidence appear crucial for recognition memory.
  • Further research is encouraged to explore the conditions under which recognition without awareness might occur.